First Identification of Specific Memory-Encoding Neurons in Humans (2008) - Recordings from epilepsy patients revealed neurons that activate during both the formation and recall of specific memories.
Publication of "Connectome" by Sebastian Seung (2012) - Introduced the concept of mapping all neural connections in the brain to understand cognition.
Birth of Ivan Pavlov (1849) - Russian physiologist whose work on classical conditioning demonstrated the brain's ability to learn associations between stimuli.